You might need to reboot your DB instance, usually for maintenance reasons. For example, if you make certain modifications, or if you change the DB parameter group associated with the DB instance, you must reboot the instance for the changes to take effect.
Rebooting a DB instance restarts the database engine service. Rebooting a DB instance results in a momentary outage, during which the DB instance status is set to rebooting.
For more information about rebooting, see Rebooting a DB Instance in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
This command doesn’t apply to RDS Custom.
See also: AWS API Documentation
See ‘aws help’ for descriptions of global parameters.
reboot-db-instance
--db-instance-identifier <value>
[--force-failover | --no-force-failover]
[--cli-input-json | --cli-input-yaml]
[--generate-cli-skeleton <value>]
--db-instance-identifier
(string)
The DB instance identifier. This parameter is stored as a lowercase string.
Constraints:
Must match the identifier of an existing DBInstance.
--force-failover
| --no-force-failover
(boolean)
A value that indicates whether the reboot is conducted through a Multi-AZ failover.
Constraint: You can’t enable force failover if the instance isn’t configured for Multi-AZ.
--cli-input-json
| --cli-input-yaml
(string)
Reads arguments from the JSON string provided. The JSON string follows the format provided by --generate-cli-skeleton
. If other arguments are provided on the command line, those values will override the JSON-provided values. It is not possible to pass arbitrary binary values using a JSON-provided value as the string will be taken literally. This may not be specified along with --cli-input-yaml
.
--generate-cli-skeleton
(string)
Prints a JSON skeleton to standard output without sending an API request. If provided with no value or the value input
, prints a sample input JSON that can be used as an argument for --cli-input-json
. Similarly, if provided yaml-input
it will print a sample input YAML that can be used with --cli-input-yaml
. If provided with the value output
, it validates the command inputs and returns a sample output JSON for that command.
See ‘aws help’ for descriptions of global parameters.
To reboot a DB instance
The following reboot-db-instance
example starts a reboot of the specified DB instance.
aws rds reboot-db-instance \
--db-instance-identifier test-mysql-instance
Output:
{
"DBInstance": {
"DBInstanceIdentifier": "test-mysql-instance",
"DBInstanceClass": "db.t3.micro",
"Engine": "mysql",
"DBInstanceStatus": "rebooting",
"MasterUsername": "admin",
"Endpoint": {
"Address": "test-mysql-instance.############.us-west-2.rds.amazonaws.com",
"Port": 3306,
"HostedZoneId": "Z1PVIF0EXAMPLE"
},
... output omitted...
}
}
For more information, see Rebooting a DB Instance in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
DBInstance -> (structure)
Contains the details of an Amazon RDS DB instance.
This data type is used as a response element in the
DescribeDBInstances
action.DBInstanceIdentifier -> (string)
Contains a user-supplied database identifier. This identifier is the unique key that identifies a DB instance.
DBInstanceClass -> (string)
Contains the name of the compute and memory capacity class of the DB instance.
Engine -> (string)
The name of the database engine to be used for this DB instance.
DBInstanceStatus -> (string)
Specifies the current state of this database.
For information about DB instance statuses, see Viewing DB instance status in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
AutomaticRestartTime -> (timestamp)
The time when a stopped DB instance is restarted automatically.
MasterUsername -> (string)
Contains the master username for the DB instance.
DBName -> (string)
The meaning of this parameter differs according to the database engine you use.
MySQL, MariaDB, SQL Server, PostgreSQL
Contains the name of the initial database of this instance that was provided at create time, if one was specified when the DB instance was created. This same name is returned for the life of the DB instance.
Type: String
Oracle
Contains the Oracle System ID (SID) of the created DB instance. Not shown when the returned parameters do not apply to an Oracle DB instance.
Endpoint -> (structure)
Specifies the connection endpoint.
Note
The endpoint might not be shown for instances whose status is
creating
.Address -> (string)
Specifies the DNS address of the DB instance.
Port -> (integer)
Specifies the port that the database engine is listening on.
HostedZoneId -> (string)
Specifies the ID that Amazon Route 53 assigns when you create a hosted zone.
AllocatedStorage -> (integer)
Specifies the allocated storage size specified in gibibytes (GiB).
InstanceCreateTime -> (timestamp)
Provides the date and time the DB instance was created.
PreferredBackupWindow -> (string)
Specifies the daily time range during which automated backups are created if automated backups are enabled, as determined by the
BackupRetentionPeriod
.BackupRetentionPeriod -> (integer)
Specifies the number of days for which automatic DB snapshots are retained.
DBSecurityGroups -> (list)
A list of DB security group elements containing
DBSecurityGroup.Name
andDBSecurityGroup.Status
subelements.(structure)
This data type is used as a response element in the following actions:
ModifyDBInstance
RebootDBInstance
RestoreDBInstanceFromDBSnapshot
RestoreDBInstanceToPointInTime
DBSecurityGroupName -> (string)
The name of the DB security group.
Status -> (string)
The status of the DB security group.
VpcSecurityGroups -> (list)
Provides a list of VPC security group elements that the DB instance belongs to.
(structure)
This data type is used as a response element for queries on VPC security group membership.
VpcSecurityGroupId -> (string)
The name of the VPC security group.
Status -> (string)
The status of the VPC security group.
DBParameterGroups -> (list)
Provides the list of DB parameter groups applied to this DB instance.
(structure)
The status of the DB parameter group.
This data type is used as a response element in the following actions:
CreateDBInstance
CreateDBInstanceReadReplica
DeleteDBInstance
ModifyDBInstance
RebootDBInstance
RestoreDBInstanceFromDBSnapshot
DBParameterGroupName -> (string)
The name of the DB parameter group.
ParameterApplyStatus -> (string)
The status of parameter updates.
AvailabilityZone -> (string)
Specifies the name of the Availability Zone the DB instance is located in.
DBSubnetGroup -> (structure)
Specifies information on the subnet group associated with the DB instance, including the name, description, and subnets in the subnet group.
DBSubnetGroupName -> (string)
The name of the DB subnet group.
DBSubnetGroupDescription -> (string)
Provides the description of the DB subnet group.
VpcId -> (string)
Provides the VpcId of the DB subnet group.
SubnetGroupStatus -> (string)
Provides the status of the DB subnet group.
Subnets -> (list)
Contains a list of
Subnet
elements.(structure)
This data type is used as a response element for the
DescribeDBSubnetGroups
operation.SubnetIdentifier -> (string)
The identifier of the subnet.
SubnetAvailabilityZone -> (structure)
Contains Availability Zone information.
This data type is used as an element in the
OrderableDBInstanceOption
data type.Name -> (string)
The name of the Availability Zone.
SubnetOutpost -> (structure)
If the subnet is associated with an Outpost, this value specifies the Outpost.
For more information about RDS on Outposts, see Amazon RDS on Amazon Web Services Outposts in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Arn -> (string)
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the Outpost.
SubnetStatus -> (string)
The status of the subnet.
DBSubnetGroupArn -> (string)
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for the DB subnet group.
PreferredMaintenanceWindow -> (string)
Specifies the weekly time range during which system maintenance can occur, in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC).
PendingModifiedValues -> (structure)
A value that specifies that changes to the DB instance are pending. This element is only included when changes are pending. Specific changes are identified by subelements.
DBInstanceClass -> (string)
The name of the compute and memory capacity class for the DB instance.
AllocatedStorage -> (integer)
The allocated storage size for the DB instance specified in gibibytes (GiB).
MasterUserPassword -> (string)
The master credentials for the DB instance.
Port -> (integer)
The port for the DB instance.
BackupRetentionPeriod -> (integer)
The number of days for which automated backups are retained.
MultiAZ -> (boolean)
A value that indicates that the Single-AZ DB instance will change to a Multi-AZ deployment.
EngineVersion -> (string)
The database engine version.
LicenseModel -> (string)
The license model for the DB instance.
Valid values:
license-included
|bring-your-own-license
|general-public-license
Iops -> (integer)
The Provisioned IOPS value for the DB instance.
DBInstanceIdentifier -> (string)
The database identifier for the DB instance.
StorageType -> (string)
The storage type of the DB instance.
CACertificateIdentifier -> (string)
The identifier of the CA certificate for the DB instance.
DBSubnetGroupName -> (string)
The DB subnet group for the DB instance.
PendingCloudwatchLogsExports -> (structure)
A list of the log types whose configuration is still pending. In other words, these log types are in the process of being activated or deactivated.
LogTypesToEnable -> (list)
Log types that are in the process of being deactivated. After they are deactivated, these log types aren’t exported to CloudWatch Logs.
(string)
LogTypesToDisable -> (list)
Log types that are in the process of being enabled. After they are enabled, these log types are exported to CloudWatch Logs.
(string)
ProcessorFeatures -> (list)
The number of CPU cores and the number of threads per core for the DB instance class of the DB instance.
(structure)
Contains the processor features of a DB instance class.
To specify the number of CPU cores, use the
coreCount
feature name for theName
parameter. To specify the number of threads per core, use thethreadsPerCore
feature name for theName
parameter.You can set the processor features of the DB instance class for a DB instance when you call one of the following actions:
CreateDBInstance
ModifyDBInstance
RestoreDBInstanceFromDBSnapshot
RestoreDBInstanceFromS3
RestoreDBInstanceToPointInTime
You can view the valid processor values for a particular instance class by calling the
DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptions
action and specifying the instance class for theDBInstanceClass
parameter.In addition, you can use the following actions for DB instance class processor information:
DescribeDBInstances
DescribeDBSnapshots
DescribeValidDBInstanceModifications
If you call
DescribeDBInstances
,ProcessorFeature
returns non-null values only if the following conditions are met:
You are accessing an Oracle DB instance.
Your Oracle DB instance class supports configuring the number of CPU cores and threads per core.
The current number CPU cores and threads is set to a non-default value.
For more information, see Configuring the Processor of the DB Instance Class in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Name -> (string)
The name of the processor feature. Valid names are
coreCount
andthreadsPerCore
.Value -> (string)
The value of a processor feature name.
IAMDatabaseAuthenticationEnabled -> (boolean)
Whether mapping of Amazon Web Services Identity and Access Management (IAM) accounts to database accounts is enabled.
AutomationMode -> (string)
The automation mode of the RDS Custom DB instance:
full
orall-paused
. Iffull
, the DB instance automates monitoring and instance recovery. Ifall-paused
, the instance pauses automation for the duration set by--resume-full-automation-mode-minutes
.ResumeFullAutomationModeTime -> (timestamp)
The number of minutes to pause the automation. When the time period ends, RDS Custom resumes full automation. The minimum value is 60 (default). The maximum value is 1,440.
LatestRestorableTime -> (timestamp)
Specifies the latest time to which a database can be restored with point-in-time restore.
MultiAZ -> (boolean)
Specifies if the DB instance is a Multi-AZ deployment. This setting doesn’t apply to RDS Custom.
EngineVersion -> (string)
Indicates the database engine version.
AutoMinorVersionUpgrade -> (boolean)
A value that indicates that minor version patches are applied automatically.
ReadReplicaSourceDBInstanceIdentifier -> (string)
Contains the identifier of the source DB instance if this DB instance is a read replica.
ReadReplicaDBInstanceIdentifiers -> (list)
Contains one or more identifiers of the read replicas associated with this DB instance.
(string)
ReadReplicaDBClusterIdentifiers -> (list)
Contains one or more identifiers of Aurora DB clusters to which the RDS DB instance is replicated as a read replica. For example, when you create an Aurora read replica of an RDS MySQL DB instance, the Aurora MySQL DB cluster for the Aurora read replica is shown. This output does not contain information about cross region Aurora read replicas.
Note
Currently, each RDS DB instance can have only one Aurora read replica.
(string)
ReplicaMode -> (string)
The open mode of an Oracle read replica. The default is
open-read-only
. For more information, see Working with Oracle Read Replicas for Amazon RDS in the Amazon RDS User Guide .Note
This attribute is only supported in RDS for Oracle.
LicenseModel -> (string)
License model information for this DB instance. This setting doesn’t apply to RDS Custom.
Iops -> (integer)
Specifies the Provisioned IOPS (I/O operations per second) value.
OptionGroupMemberships -> (list)
Provides the list of option group memberships for this DB instance.
(structure)
Provides information on the option groups the DB instance is a member of.
OptionGroupName -> (string)
The name of the option group that the instance belongs to.
Status -> (string)
The status of the DB instance’s option group membership. Valid values are:
in-sync
,pending-apply
,pending-removal
,pending-maintenance-apply
,pending-maintenance-removal
,applying
,removing
, andfailed
.CharacterSetName -> (string)
If present, specifies the name of the character set that this instance is associated with.
NcharCharacterSetName -> (string)
The name of the NCHAR character set for the Oracle DB instance. This character set specifies the Unicode encoding for data stored in table columns of type NCHAR, NCLOB, or NVARCHAR2.
SecondaryAvailabilityZone -> (string)
If present, specifies the name of the secondary Availability Zone for a DB instance with multi-AZ support.
PubliclyAccessible -> (boolean)
Specifies the accessibility options for the DB instance.
When the DB instance is publicly accessible, its DNS endpoint resolves to the private IP address from within the DB instance’s VPC, and to the public IP address from outside of the DB instance’s VPC. Access to the DB instance is ultimately controlled by the security group it uses, and that public access is not permitted if the security group assigned to the DB instance doesn’t permit it.
When the DB instance isn’t publicly accessible, it is an internal DB instance with a DNS name that resolves to a private IP address.
For more information, see CreateDBInstance .
StatusInfos -> (list)
The status of a read replica. If the instance isn’t a read replica, this is blank.
(structure)
Provides a list of status information for a DB instance.
StatusType -> (string)
This value is currently “read replication.”
Normal -> (boolean)
Boolean value that is true if the instance is operating normally, or false if the instance is in an error state.
Status -> (string)
Status of the DB instance. For a StatusType of read replica, the values can be replicating, replication stop point set, replication stop point reached, error, stopped, or terminated.
Message -> (string)
Details of the error if there is an error for the instance. If the instance isn’t in an error state, this value is blank.
StorageType -> (string)
Specifies the storage type associated with DB instance.
TdeCredentialArn -> (string)
The ARN from the key store with which the instance is associated for TDE encryption.
DbInstancePort -> (integer)
Specifies the port that the DB instance listens on. If the DB instance is part of a DB cluster, this can be a different port than the DB cluster port.
DBClusterIdentifier -> (string)
If the DB instance is a member of a DB cluster, contains the name of the DB cluster that the DB instance is a member of.
StorageEncrypted -> (boolean)
Specifies whether the DB instance is encrypted.
KmsKeyId -> (string)
If
StorageEncrypted
is true, the Amazon Web Services KMS key identifier for the encrypted DB instance.The Amazon Web Services KMS key identifier is the key ARN, key ID, alias ARN, or alias name for the KMS key.
DbiResourceId -> (string)
The Amazon Web Services Region-unique, immutable identifier for the DB instance. This identifier is found in Amazon Web Services CloudTrail log entries whenever the Amazon Web Services KMS key for the DB instance is accessed.
CACertificateIdentifier -> (string)
The identifier of the CA certificate for this DB instance.
DomainMemberships -> (list)
The Active Directory Domain membership records associated with the DB instance.
(structure)
An Active Directory Domain membership record associated with the DB instance or cluster.
Domain -> (string)
The identifier of the Active Directory Domain.
Status -> (string)
The status of the Active Directory Domain membership for the DB instance or cluster. Values include joined, pending-join, failed, and so on.
FQDN -> (string)
The fully qualified domain name of the Active Directory Domain.
IAMRoleName -> (string)
The name of the IAM role to be used when making API calls to the Directory Service.
CopyTagsToSnapshot -> (boolean)
Specifies whether tags are copied from the DB instance to snapshots of the DB instance.
Amazon Aurora
Not applicable. Copying tags to snapshots is managed by the DB cluster. Setting this value for an Aurora DB instance has no effect on the DB cluster setting. For more information, see
DBCluster
.MonitoringInterval -> (integer)
The interval, in seconds, between points when Enhanced Monitoring metrics are collected for the DB instance.
EnhancedMonitoringResourceArn -> (string)
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the Amazon CloudWatch Logs log stream that receives the Enhanced Monitoring metrics data for the DB instance.
MonitoringRoleArn -> (string)
The ARN for the IAM role that permits RDS to send Enhanced Monitoring metrics to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
PromotionTier -> (integer)
A value that specifies the order in which an Aurora Replica is promoted to the primary instance after a failure of the existing primary instance. For more information, see Fault Tolerance for an Aurora DB Cluster in the Amazon Aurora User Guide .
DBInstanceArn -> (string)
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for the DB instance.
Timezone -> (string)
The time zone of the DB instance. In most cases, the
Timezone
element is empty.Timezone
content appears only for Microsoft SQL Server DB instances that were created with a time zone specified.IAMDatabaseAuthenticationEnabled -> (boolean)
True if mapping of Amazon Web Services Identity and Access Management (IAM) accounts to database accounts is enabled, and otherwise false.
IAM database authentication can be enabled for the following database engines
For MySQL 5.6, minor version 5.6.34 or higher
For MySQL 5.7, minor version 5.7.16 or higher
Aurora 5.6 or higher. To enable IAM database authentication for Aurora, see DBCluster Type.
PerformanceInsightsEnabled -> (boolean)
True if Performance Insights is enabled for the DB instance, and otherwise false.
PerformanceInsightsKMSKeyId -> (string)
The Amazon Web Services KMS key identifier for encryption of Performance Insights data.
The Amazon Web Services KMS key identifier is the key ARN, key ID, alias ARN, or alias name for the KMS key.
PerformanceInsightsRetentionPeriod -> (integer)
The amount of time, in days, to retain Performance Insights data. Valid values are 7 or 731 (2 years).
EnabledCloudwatchLogsExports -> (list)
A list of log types that this DB instance is configured to export to CloudWatch Logs.
Log types vary by DB engine. For information about the log types for each DB engine, see Amazon RDS Database Log Files in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
(string)
ProcessorFeatures -> (list)
The number of CPU cores and the number of threads per core for the DB instance class of the DB instance.
(structure)
Contains the processor features of a DB instance class.
To specify the number of CPU cores, use the
coreCount
feature name for theName
parameter. To specify the number of threads per core, use thethreadsPerCore
feature name for theName
parameter.You can set the processor features of the DB instance class for a DB instance when you call one of the following actions:
CreateDBInstance
ModifyDBInstance
RestoreDBInstanceFromDBSnapshot
RestoreDBInstanceFromS3
RestoreDBInstanceToPointInTime
You can view the valid processor values for a particular instance class by calling the
DescribeOrderableDBInstanceOptions
action and specifying the instance class for theDBInstanceClass
parameter.In addition, you can use the following actions for DB instance class processor information:
DescribeDBInstances
DescribeDBSnapshots
DescribeValidDBInstanceModifications
If you call
DescribeDBInstances
,ProcessorFeature
returns non-null values only if the following conditions are met:
You are accessing an Oracle DB instance.
Your Oracle DB instance class supports configuring the number of CPU cores and threads per core.
The current number CPU cores and threads is set to a non-default value.
For more information, see Configuring the Processor of the DB Instance Class in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
Name -> (string)
The name of the processor feature. Valid names are
coreCount
andthreadsPerCore
.Value -> (string)
The value of a processor feature name.
DeletionProtection -> (boolean)
Indicates if the DB instance has deletion protection enabled. The database can’t be deleted when deletion protection is enabled. For more information, see Deleting a DB Instance .
AssociatedRoles -> (list)
The Amazon Web Services Identity and Access Management (IAM) roles associated with the DB instance.
(structure)
Describes an Amazon Web Services Identity and Access Management (IAM) role that is associated with a DB instance.
RoleArn -> (string)
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the IAM role that is associated with the DB instance.
FeatureName -> (string)
The name of the feature associated with the Amazon Web Services Identity and Access Management (IAM) role. For information about supported feature names, see
DBEngineVersion
.Status -> (string)
Describes the state of association between the IAM role and the DB instance. The Status property returns one of the following values:
ACTIVE
- the IAM role ARN is associated with the DB instance and can be used to access other Amazon Web Services services on your behalf.
PENDING
- the IAM role ARN is being associated with the DB instance.
INVALID
- the IAM role ARN is associated with the DB instance, but the DB instance is unable to assume the IAM role in order to access other Amazon Web Services services on your behalf.ListenerEndpoint -> (structure)
Specifies the listener connection endpoint for SQL Server Always On.
Address -> (string)
Specifies the DNS address of the DB instance.
Port -> (integer)
Specifies the port that the database engine is listening on.
HostedZoneId -> (string)
Specifies the ID that Amazon Route 53 assigns when you create a hosted zone.
MaxAllocatedStorage -> (integer)
The upper limit in gibibytes (GiB) to which Amazon RDS can automatically scale the storage of the DB instance.
TagList -> (list)
A list of tags. For more information, see Tagging Amazon RDS Resources in the Amazon RDS User Guide.
(structure)
Metadata assigned to an Amazon RDS resource consisting of a key-value pair.
Key -> (string)
A key is the required name of the tag. The string value can be from 1 to 128 Unicode characters in length and can’t be prefixed with
aws:
orrds:
. The string can only contain only the set of Unicode letters, digits, white-space, ‘_’, ‘.’, ‘:’, ‘/’, ‘=’, ‘+’, ‘-‘, ‘@’ (Java regex: “^([\p{L}\p{Z}\p{N}_.:/=+-@]*)$”).Value -> (string)
A value is the optional value of the tag. The string value can be from 1 to 256 Unicode characters in length and can’t be prefixed with
aws:
orrds:
. The string can only contain only the set of Unicode letters, digits, white-space, ‘_’, ‘.’, ‘:’, ‘/’, ‘=’, ‘+’, ‘-‘, ‘@’ (Java regex: “^([\p{L}\p{Z}\p{N}_.:/=+-@]*)$”).DBInstanceAutomatedBackupsReplications -> (list)
The list of replicated automated backups associated with the DB instance.
(structure)
Automated backups of a DB instance replicated to another Amazon Web Services Region. They consist of system backups, transaction logs, and database instance properties.
DBInstanceAutomatedBackupsArn -> (string)
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the replicated automated backups.
CustomerOwnedIpEnabled -> (boolean)
Specifies whether a customer-owned IP address (CoIP) is enabled for an RDS on Outposts DB instance.
A CoIP provides local or external connectivity to resources in your Outpost subnets through your on-premises network. For some use cases, a CoIP can provide lower latency for connections to the DB instance from outside of its virtual private cloud (VPC) on your local network.
For more information about RDS on Outposts, see Working with Amazon RDS on Amazon Web Services Outposts in the Amazon RDS User Guide .
For more information about CoIPs, see Customer-owned IP addresses in the Amazon Web Services Outposts User Guide .
AwsBackupRecoveryPointArn -> (string)
The Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the recovery point in Amazon Web Services Backup.
ActivityStreamStatus -> (string)
The status of the database activity stream.
ActivityStreamKmsKeyId -> (string)
The Amazon Web Services KMS key identifier used for encrypting messages in the database activity stream. The Amazon Web Services KMS key identifier is the key ARN, key ID, alias ARN, or alias name for the KMS key.
ActivityStreamKinesisStreamName -> (string)
The name of the Amazon Kinesis data stream used for the database activity stream.
ActivityStreamMode -> (string)
The mode of the database activity stream. Database events such as a change or access generate an activity stream event. RDS for Oracle always handles these events asynchronously.
ActivityStreamEngineNativeAuditFieldsIncluded -> (boolean)
Indicates whether engine-native audit fields are included in the database activity stream.
AutomationMode -> (string)
The automation mode of the RDS Custom DB instance:
full
orall paused
. Iffull
, the DB instance automates monitoring and instance recovery. Ifall paused
, the instance pauses automation for the duration set by--resume-full-automation-mode-minutes
.ResumeFullAutomationModeTime -> (timestamp)
The number of minutes to pause the automation. When the time period ends, RDS Custom resumes full automation. The minimum value is 60 (default). The maximum value is 1,440.
CustomIamInstanceProfile -> (string)
The instance profile associated with the underlying Amazon EC2 instance of an RDS Custom DB instance. The instance profile must meet the following requirements:
The profile must exist in your account.
The profile must have an IAM role that Amazon EC2 has permissions to assume.
The instance profile name and the associated IAM role name must start with the prefix
AWSRDSCustom
.For the list of permissions required for the IAM role, see Configure IAM and your VPC in the Amazon Relational Database Service User Guide .